Submission of a manuscript constitutes the author(s)’ formal, explicit, and legally binding acknowledgement and agreement to comply with the journal’s editorial policies, peer-review procedures, copyright and licensing terms, ethical standards, and transparency requirements. The author(s) further confirm that the submitted work is original, has not been previously published, is not under consideration elsewhere, and does not infringe upon any third-party rights, including copyright, intellectual property, or ethical obligations. Manuscripts are considered for publication only after successful completion of a rigorous editorial screening and peer-review process. Upon formal acceptance, the full licensing provisions, rights, and obligations described above apply in their entirety and without exception.

Licensing Policy and Previous Framework
Following a review of the journal’s scope and publication policy, The Senarai has updated its licensing framework to align with current scholarly communication practices while ensuring clarity, appropriate reuse, and protection of authors’ works. Articles published in Volume 1 No. 1–3 were distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, allowing non-commercial sharing with proper attribution while prohibiting modification, adaptation, translation, or derivative use in order to preserve the integrity of the original publication. This licensing scheme applied only to those specific issues and is no longer in effect. Beginning with Volume 1 No. 4 and for all subsequent issues, the journal has formally adopted the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license as its standard and continuing licensing policy, permitting non-commercial sharing and adaptation provided that appropriate attribution is given and derivative works are distributed under the same license.

Copyright Ownership	Copyright remains with the author(s). Authors grant The Senarai a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive the work in accordance with the applicable Creative Commons license.
Author Rights	Authors retain the right to reuse and share their work for academic and personal purposes, including repository deposit and teaching use, with proper attribution to the original publication.
Licensing Framework	Licenses are applied based on the publication period and clearly indicated in each article. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 applies only to Volume 1 No. 1–3, while CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 applies from Volume 1 No. 4 onward as the journal’s ongoing licensing standard.

CC Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International (Volume 1 No. 4 – Present)

Under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license, users are granted broad and internationally recognized freedoms to access, read, download, copy, reproduce, distribute, transmit, and make the material available in any medium or format. In addition, users are permitted to adapt the material, including remixing, transforming, and building upon it. These freedoms are granted without financial cost and apply worldwide. They are irrevocable, provided that all terms and conditions of the license are respected and fulfilled in good faith. The license is designed to facilitate open dissemination of knowledge while ensuring that the rights of the original author(s) are preserved through legally binding conditions.

All forms of reuse must comply with the requirement of appropriate attribution, which includes acknowledging the original author(s), identifying the source of publication, providing a reference to the license, and clearly indicating whether any modifications have been made. Attribution must be presented in a reasonable manner appropriate to the medium, and must not imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation by the licensor or the original author(s). The license explicitly restricts the use of the material to non-commercial purposes. This means that the material may not be used in a manner that is primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation.

Where the material is adapted, modified, or transformed, the resulting derivative work must be distributed under the same license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). This ShareAlike condition ensures that the same level of openness, accessibility, and legal permission is preserved across all subsequent uses and adaptations. No individual or entity may apply additional legal terms, contractual conditions, or technological measures—including but not limited to digital rights management systems—that would restrict others from exercising the rights granted by the license. This principle ensures that downstream users retain the same freedoms as originally granted. Users are not required to comply with the license for elements of the material that are in the public domain or where use is otherwise permitted under applicable statutory exceptions or limitations.

Furthermore, the license does not provide any warranties, and it does not negate or override other legal rights such as privacy rights, publicity rights, or moral rights, which may independently affect how the material may be used. This section is intended as an explanatory and operational restatement aligned with the Creative Commons license deed. It does not replace, modify, or override the official legal code of the license, which remains the definitive and legally binding instrument governing all rights and obligations.

Category	Official License Provisions
Attribution (BY)	Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Attribution must be presented in a reasonable manner and must not suggest endorsement by the licensor.
Non-Commercial (NC)	The material may not be used for commercial purposes. Use must not be primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation.
ShareAlike (SA)	If the material is remixed, transformed, or built upon, the resulting work must be distributed under the same license as the original.
No Additional Restrictions	Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from exercising the rights granted by the license.

License Agreement
By submitting a manuscript to The Senarai, the author(s) irrevocably enter into a legally binding licensing agreement. From the moment of submission, the author(s) bear the full burden of proof regarding the originality, authenticity, ethical compliance, and legal permissibility of the work. Any failure to provide verifiable documentation or evidence when requested constitutes a direct breach of this agreement, triggering full editorial and legal accountability.

1. Grant of Publishing Rights
The author(s) grant The Senarai a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, irrevocable, and royalty-free license to publish, reproduce, distribute, display, archive, index, and preserve the work in any format or medium, whether known now or developed in the future. This includes the right for the journal to authorize third-party repositories, indexing services, and databases to disseminate the work as the definitive version of record.

2. Creative Commons Licensing Obligation
The author(s) agree that the published work will be openly accessible under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This license is irrevocable and globally enforceable. Users may reuse, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes only, provided full, accurate, and traceable attribution is given. Any derivative work must be shared under identical terms, without additional legal or technological restrictions.

3. Authorial Responsibility and Legal Warranty
The author(s) warrant that:

• The work is entirely original and the product of independent scholarly effort.
• It does not infringe third-party copyrights, moral rights, database rights, or any other intellectual property.
• All sources, references, and data are accurately acknowledged, traceable, and verifiable.
• Necessary permissions for third-party materials have been obtained prior to submission.
• The work adheres fully to ethical and legal standards applicable to human, animal, or sensitive research.

4. R-W-D Integrity Framework (Research, Writing, Data Integrity)
The author(s) accept full accountability under the following ultra-strict integrity framework:

Integrity Component	Obligations and Restrictions
Research Integrity (R)	Research must be conducted ethically, transparently, and reproducibly. Fabrication, falsification, selective reporting, or manipulation of data or methodology is strictly prohibited. Raw data and supporting documentation must be maintained and made available upon journal request to substantiate claims. Authors bear the full burden of proof for authenticity and compliance.
Writing Integrity (W)	All text must be fully human-authored, original, and free from plagiarism, self-plagiarism, or undisclosed duplication. Ghostwriting, mosaic plagiarism, or improper paraphrasing are strictly prohibited. Proper citation and acknowledgment of all sources are mandatory. Any detected or alleged violation places the burden of proof on the author(s) to demonstrate compliance.
Data Integrity (D)	All figures, tables, datasets, and supplementary materials must accurately represent original findings. Manipulation, selective omission, image falsification, or statistical distortion is prohibited. Authors must retain all original datasets and provide access to editors for verification. Responsibility for completeness, accuracy, and transparency is entirely on the author(s).

5. Ethical Compliance and Misconduct
Any breach of academic or publication ethics—including plagiarism, redundant publication, authorship manipulation, citation manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or data falsification—is considered a severe violation of this agreement. Authors are responsible for providing evidence to rebut any allegations; failure to do so may result in immediate corrective action.

6. Enforcement and Sanctions
The journal reserves the right to take immediate and comprehensive corrective or punitive measures in response to any violation, including:

• Manuscript rejection prior to publication;
• Post-publication retraction or withdrawal;
• Publication of correction, expression of concern, or retraction notices;
• Notification to affiliated institutions, funding bodies, or relevant authorities;
• Blacklisting from future submissions;
• Legal action under applicable jurisdiction.

7. Archiving and Indexing Rights
The journal retains the right to archive, preserve, index, and disseminate the work in institutional repositories, indexing services, digital libraries, and third-party platforms to ensure long-term access, discoverability, and academic visibility.

8. Irrevocability and Legal Force
This agreement is binding indefinitely and cannot be revoked by the author(s) after publication. Any breach results in automatic termination of authorial license rights and enforcement of all sanctions.

9. Final Declaration
By submitting a manuscript, the author(s) acknowledge that they have read, understood, and fully accepted all terms and conditions herein, and assume full legal, ethical, and scholarly responsibility for the content and its publication.

License Application by Issue

Publication Period	Applicable License	Detailed Scope of Use
Volume 1 No. 1 – No. 3	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives)	Users may copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, provided proper attribution is given. The work may not be modified, adapted, translated, abridged, or used to create derivative works. This license was applied during the journal’s initial phase to safeguard textual integrity and citation stability.
Volume 1 No. 4 – Present	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	Users may reuse, share, adapt, translate, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, provided proper attribution is given. Any derivative works must be distributed under the same license. This license supports scholarly dialogue, comparative research, and responsible academic reuse.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Usage Policy

The Senarai adopts a rigorous, ethics-based policy on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), aligned with COPE guidance and international scholarly publishing standards. The journal affirms that AI tools are not recognized as authorship under any circumstances. All scholarly work must remain fundamentally the product of human intellectual effort, scholarly reasoning, and accountable authorship. The use, involvement, assistance, or integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning systems, generative models, or any automated computational tools must be understood within a framework of strict limitation, full transparency, and author accountability. Any use of AI must be explicitly, fully, and transparently disclosed by the author(s) at the time of submission. For the purposes of this policy, “Artificial Intelligence” is defined broadly and inclusively to cover all current and emerging systems capable of generating, modifying, analyzing, or assisting in the production of intellectual or scholarly content, whether partially or fully automated, and regardless of whether such use is detectable, disclosed, or embedded within external platforms.

The journal maintains a strong presumption in favor of entirely human-authored scholarship. However, in accordance with COPE recommendations, limited and non-substantive use of AI tools may be permitted under strictly controlled conditions. Such permitted uses are restricted to technical assistance that does not affect the intellectual substance of the work, including but not limited to grammar correction, language refinement, or formatting support. The following uses remain strictly prohibited: automated or assisted text generation for scholarly content, paraphrasing or rewriting that alters authorship, literature synthesis, conceptual development, hypothesis generation, data analysis, statistical processing, interpretation, citation generation, reference management, figure or image production, or any form of computational augmentation that contributes to the intellectual or scientific content of the manuscript.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, originality, and validity of the work, including but not limited to manuscript drafting, writing, editing, translation, data processing, analysis, peer review responses, and publication. The use of AI in any undisclosed, misleading, or excessive manner—whether direct, indirect, partial, assistive, or embedded—constitutes a material breach of publication ethics and may be treated as academic misconduct. The burden of proof rests entirely with the author(s) to demonstrate compliance with this policy, including the extent, purpose, and limitation of AI use. Upon request, authors must provide verifiable evidence, including but not limited to raw drafts, research notes, data provenance, revision histories, disclosure statements, or other supporting documentation sufficient to establish the authenticity, independence, and human origin of the work. Failure to provide such evidence shall be interpreted as non-compliance.

The Senarai reserves the full right to employ reasonable detection and verification mechanisms, including but not limited to algorithmic screening, forensic linguistic analysis, metadata examination, authorship pattern analysis, and editorial investigation. These procedures may be applied pre-publication or post-publication without prior notice. Confirmed or suspected violations will be handled in accordance with COPE guidelines and may result in appropriate corrective actions, including but not limited to: rejection of the manuscript, withdrawal during review, post-publication retraction, issuance of formal notices (correction, expression of concern, or retraction), notification to affiliated institutions or funding bodies, prohibition from future submissions, and, where applicable, legal or institutional escalation. This policy is binding, non-negotiable, and applies equally to all stakeholders involved in the publication process.

Stakeholder	Policy Statement
Authors	Authors are subject to strict limitations regarding the use of AI tools. AI may only be used for minor, non-substantive technical assistance (e.g., grammar correction or formatting), and such use must be fully disclosed in the manuscript. The use of AI for generating scholarly text, arguments, analysis, interpretation, or intellectual contributions is strictly prohibited. All manuscripts must remain fundamentally human-authored, and authors bear full legal, ethical, and scholarly responsibility for the authenticity, originality, and integrity of the work. Authors must be able to provide verifiable proof of compliance and disclosure upon request. Any detected, suspected, or undisclosed misuse of AI constitutes a serious ethical violation and may result in rejection, retraction, and institutional notification.
Reviewers	Reviewers are strictly prohibited from uploading or exposing manuscripts, review reports, confidential data, or editorial communications to any AI system. The use of AI for generating review content, assisting evaluation, or processing confidential material is not permitted. Peer-review must be conducted exclusively through independent human judgment, maintaining strict confidentiality, intellectual responsibility, and ethical integrity. Any breach involving AI systems constitutes a serious violation and may result in removal from the reviewer pool and further action.
Editors	Editors are responsible for enforcing this policy and ensuring full compliance. Editors must not use AI tools for editorial decision-making, manuscript evaluation, or handling unpublished confidential materials. Limited use of AI for administrative or technical support may be permitted only where confidentiality, integrity, and editorial independence are strictly preserved. Editors must initiate investigations when necessary, request documentation, and apply sanctions where violations are identified. Any misuse of AI within editorial processes constitutes a breach of professional and ethical obligations.

Policy Enforcement
The Senarai reserves the right to investigate suspected AI usage through editorial assessment or other reasonable means. Violations of this policy may result in rejection, retraction, notification of affiliated institutions, or other corrective actions in accordance with publication ethics.