Senarai: Journal of Islamic Heritage and Civilization applies this policy to all submitted manuscripts and published content. The policy governs plagiarism, duplicate publication, data and image manipulation, authorship misconduct, peer-review manipulation, corrections, expressions of concern, withdrawals, and retractions. It applies to authors, reviewers, editors, editorial staff, and all persons involved in the publication process.

1. General Principles

The Journal shall maintain an accurate, transparent, and permanent scholarly record. Every allegation shall be assessed on the available evidence. The identity, affiliation, or academic status of the complainant or respondent shall not determine the outcome.

The Journal shall distinguish misconduct from honest error and academic disagreement. Honest error may require correction or retraction when it affects the reliability of a publication, but it shall not automatically be treated as misconduct.

Editorial action shall be proportionate to the seriousness of the concern, its effect on the scholarly record, the available evidence, and the stage of publication. The purpose of correction and retraction is to protect readers and the literature.

2. Author Declarations

By submitting a manuscript, all authors declare that:

1. the manuscript is original and accurately represents the research;
2. the manuscript has not been published in substantially the same form;
3. the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal;
4. all sources, quotations, data, images, tables, and ideas have been properly acknowledged;
5. all listed authors meet the Journal’s authorship requirements and have approved the submission;
6. funding, competing interests, related manuscripts, preprints, prior dissemination, and relevant third-party involvement have been disclosed;
7. all required research ethics approvals, permissions, and informed consents have been obtained; and
8. the authors will provide supporting data, permissions, or documentation when reasonably requested during review or an integrity investigation.

3. Plagiarism and Text Recycling

Plagiarism is the use of another person’s words, ideas, arguments, structure, data, methods, images, tables, figures, translations, or other intellectual work without clear and appropriate acknowledgment. It includes verbatim copying, disguised or inadequate paraphrasing, mosaic plagiarism, unattributed translation, appropriation of ideas, and unauthorized use of unpublished material obtained through peer review or other confidential processes.

Text recycling or self-plagiarism is the substantial reuse of an author’s previously disseminated material without citation and disclosure. Limited reuse of standard methodological language may be accepted when accurate rewriting is impracticable and the earlier source is cited. Reuse of data, results, analysis, discussion, or conclusions must be disclosed and must provide a distinct scholarly contribution.

3.1 Similarity Screening

The Journal screens manuscripts with iThenticate or another professional similarity-detection service. Screening may occur during initial assessment and again before publication.

An overall similarity index of 10% is used as a general screening reference after excluding the bibliography, properly identified quotations, and routine phrases. The percentage does not determine the editorial decision automatically. Editors shall examine the source, location, concentration, attribution, and significance of the overlap. A manuscript below 10% may still contain plagiarism. A manuscript above 10% may contain legitimate and properly cited material.

Limited and correctable overlap may result in mandatory revision and renewed screening. Material plagiarism shall result in rejection before publication or corrective action after publication.

4. Publication and Research Misconduct

Misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

1. Fabrication: inventing data, sources, participants, quotations, results, approvals, or other research material.
2. Falsification: altering, omitting, or manipulating data, images, figures, methods, or results in a manner that misrepresents the research.
3. Duplicate submission: submitting the same or substantially similar manuscript to more than one journal at the same time.
4. Redundant publication: republishing substantially the same work without clear disclosure, citation, and editorial justification.
5. Salami publication: dividing one study into several publications without sufficient scholarly distinction or disclosure.
6. Authorship misconduct: gift, guest, ghost, purchased, coerced, omitted, or false authorship; false contribution claims; unauthorized authorship changes; or submission without the approval of all authors.
7. Peer-review manipulation: fabricated reviewer identities, compromised accounts, undisclosed conflicts, improper coordination, or interference with editorial independence.
8. Citation manipulation: coercive, coordinated, irrelevant, fabricated, or excessive citation intended primarily to influence citation metrics.
9. Undisclosed interests: failure to disclose relevant funding, sponsorship, financial interests, non-financial interests, institutional relationships, or third-party involvement.
10. Ethics or legal violations: research conducted without required approval or consent; breach of confidentiality; copyright infringement; unlawful disclosure; or failure to protect research participants and culturally sensitive material.
11. Misuse of artificial intelligence: listing an AI system as an author; using AI to fabricate sources, data, images, or findings; submitting unverified AI-generated material; or failing to disclose AI use when disclosure is required under the Journal’s AI Policy.

5. Reporting and Investigation

5.1 Submission of a Report

Authors, reviewers, readers, editors, institutions, funders, and other parties may report a concern. The report should identify the manuscript or article, state the specific concern, and provide supporting evidence or links where available. Anonymous reports shall be considered when the information can be verified.

5.2 Initial Assessment

The editorial office shall record the report, preserve relevant evidence, determine whether the matter falls within the Journal’s authority, and assess whether immediate action is required to protect readers or the review process. Unsupported, repetitive, or bad-faith complaints may be closed with the reasons recorded internally.

5.3 Conflict of Interest

An editor with a personal, professional, institutional, or financial conflict shall not handle the case. A concern involving the Editor-in-Chief shall be assigned to an unconflicted senior editor or an independent representative designated by Yayasan Tunas Harapan Ummat.

5.4 Notice and Right of Response

When a concern appears credible, the Journal shall notify the corresponding author and, when necessary, all co-authors. The notice shall state the material allegation and request an explanation and supporting documents. The authors shall normally receive at least 10 business days to respond or request a reasonable extension.

5.5 External Consultation

The Journal may obtain confidential advice from independent experts, reviewers, statistical or image-integrity specialists, ethics committees, legal advisers, institutions, funders, publishers, or other affected journals. The Journal determines the status and reliability of the publication. The relevant institution or competent authority ordinarily determines whether formal research misconduct occurred within its jurisdiction.

5.6 Decision

An unconflicted editor or editorial panel shall decide the case on the available evidence. The decision and reasons shall be recorded. The Journal shall inform the directly affected parties of the outcome, subject to confidentiality, legal restrictions, and data-protection requirements.

5.7 Timeframe

The Journal aims to acknowledge a substantive report within 7 business days and complete a routine assessment within 30–90 days. Complex cases, institutional investigations, unavailable evidence, or legal restrictions may require additional time.

6. Decisions Before Publication

Before publication, the Journal may:

1. request clarification, disclosure, citation correction, data verification, authorship documentation, or revision;
2. suspend review while a concern is assessed;
3. reject or administratively close the manuscript;
4. notify another affected journal, institution, funder, ethics body, or competent authority when justified; or
5. apply a temporary or permanent submission restriction in accordance with Section 12.

7. Correction of Published Content

A correction shall be issued when an error affects part of a published article but does not invalidate its principal results, argument, or conclusions. The Journal may use the terms Correction, Erratum for a publisher error, or Corrigendum for an author error.

A material correction shall:

1. be published promptly as a separate, dated, and citable notice;
2. identify and cite the affected article;
3. state the error and the correction clearly;
4. be linked to and from the affected article;
5. be included in the table of contents and assigned a DOI where technically available;
6. identify the corrected version and the date of correction; and
7. preserve the prior version or make it available on reasonable request, subject to legal restrictions.

A minor typographical or formatting error may be corrected without a separate notice only when it does not affect meaning, attribution, citation, indexing, or interpretation. The Journal shall keep an internal record of the change.

8. Expression of Concern

The Journal may issue an Expression of Concern when:

1. credible concerns remain unresolved;
2. an institutional or legal investigation is pending;
3. the available evidence is inconclusive;
4. the authors or institution have not provided necessary information; or
5. readers require notice while the investigation continues.

The notice shall state the nature and status of the concern without presenting an unconfirmed allegation as fact. It shall be linked to the article and updated or supplemented when the case is concluded.

9. Retraction

The Journal may retract an article when:

1. the findings or central arguments are unreliable because of major error, fabrication, falsification, or material manipulation;
2. the article contains material plagiarism;
3. the article constitutes unjustified duplicate or redundant publication;
4. authorship or peer review was materially manipulated;
5. required ethics approval or informed consent was absent or invalid;
6. the article reports unethical or unlawful research;
7. a serious undisclosed conflict of interest affected the reliability or interpretation of the work; or
8. another serious breach makes continued reliance on the article unsafe or misleading.

A retracted article shall remain accessible as part of the scholarly record. The article landing page and PDF shall be clearly marked RETRACTED. A separate retraction notice shall identify the article, state the reason and basis for retraction, identify who initiated the retraction, record the date, and link to and from the article. The notice shall distinguish honest error from misconduct and shall avoid defamatory, unsupported, or unnecessary personal statements.

The Journal may retract an article without the authors’ agreement when the evidence requires correction of the record. An author’s request for retraction shall not be granted when a correction is sufficient.

9.1 Retraction and Republication

Retraction and republication may be used when a major but honest error requires extensive correction, the underlying research remains valid, and the corrected manuscript passes renewed editorial and peer review. The retracted and republished versions shall be clearly identified and linked. The republication notice shall explain the changes.

10. Exceptional Removal of Published Content

The Journal shall not remove a published article merely to conceal an error, dispute, or finding of misconduct. Published content may be removed only when continued display:

1. would violate a binding court order or legal requirement;
2. would infringe rights that cannot be remedied through a correction or retraction notice;
3. would create a serious and immediate safety risk; or
4. would expose unlawfully published confidential, private, or personal information.

When removal is necessary, the Journal shall retain a public record and bibliographic metadata whenever legally permitted. The landing page shall state that the content has been removed and provide the reason to the extent permitted by law.

11. Manuscript Withdrawal and Administrative Fees

Withdrawal applies only before formal publication. An article published online as a version of record is treated as published and shall be handled under Sections 7–10.

An author-initiated withdrawal request must be submitted in writing by the corresponding author, state the reason, and include the written approval of all co-authors. The manuscript remains under consideration until the editorial office confirms withdrawal. It must not be submitted to another journal before that confirmation.

The following administrative charges apply only to an author-initiated withdrawal made for reasons unrelated to a verified scientific, ethical, legal, editorial, or technical problem:

No fee shall be charged for reporting a concern, conducting an investigation, correcting an article, issuing an Expression of Concern, or retracting an article. An administrative charge is not a finding or sanction for misconduct and shall not delay or prevent necessary correction of the scholarly record. The Journal may waive a charge when fairness requires, including circumstances outside the authors’ reasonable control.

12. Editorial Sanctions

When serious or repeated misconduct is established, the Journal may impose one or more of the following sanctions in addition to correcting the scholarly record:

1. a formal warning;
2. rejection or closure of the affected manuscript;
3. temporary restriction on new submissions or editorial participation;
4. notification to another affected journal, institution, ethics body, funder, or competent authority;
5. permanent submission restriction in exceptional cases involving sustained, deliberate, or severe abuse; or
6. any other proportionate action required to protect the editorial process or scholarly record.

A sanction shall be based on the evidence, seriousness, recurrence, effect, and procedural history of the case. The Journal shall not impose an administrative fee as a penalty for misconduct.

13. Appeals and Complaints

A directly affected party may submit one written appeal within 30 calendar days of the decision. The appeal must identify a material procedural error, factual error, undisclosed conflict of interest, or relevant evidence that was unavailable during the original assessment. Disagreement with the decision alone is not sufficient.

Where practicable, an appeal shall be reviewed by an editor or panel that did not make the original decision. The outcome of the appeal is final within the Journal’s internal process.

A complaint concerning editorial conduct, confidentiality, delay, conflict of interest, or application of this policy may be submitted through the reporting channel in Section 14. A complaint involving the Editor-in-Chief shall be referred to an independent representative designated by Yayasan Tunas Harapan Ummat.

14. Reporting Channel

Reports, complaints, and appeals shall be sent to:

Editorial Office

Senarai: Journal of Islamic Heritage and Civilization

Email: senarai@tunasharapanummat.or.id

The subject line should state “Publication Integrity Concern”. The report should include the article title, DOI or manuscript ID, a clear description of the concern, supporting evidence or links, and the reporter’s contact information where possible. Personal information shall be limited to persons who reasonably require it for the assessment, subject to applicable law and procedural fairness.

15. Metadata, Indexing, and Record Preservation

When a correction, Expression of Concern, retraction, republication, or removal notice is issued, the Journal shall update the article landing page and relevant metadata. The Journal shall deposit appropriate update relationships with Crossref where technically available and notify indexing or preservation services when required. A DOI shall remain persistent and shall not be deleted merely because the article has been corrected or retracted.

16. Governing References

This policy is informed by the following standards:

1. COPE Retraction Guidelines;
2. COPE guidance on processes for identifying and handling ethical concerns;
3. ICMJE Corrections and Version Control;
4. ICMJE Overlapping Publications; and
5. Crossref Version Control, Corrections, and Retractions.

Effective date and last revision: 25 July 2026.