Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not allowed. The journal maintains a strict policy against both. All submitted manuscripts undergo a thorough plagiarism detection process using specialized software to identify instances of overlapping or similar text. Authors are reminded that proper quotation marks and accurate citations are mandatory for all referenced material. The Editorial Board employs Turnitin to screen all submissions for plagiarism. Manuscripts exhibiting a similarity index exceeding 15% will be immediately rejected. Prior to publication, authors are required to provide a signed Originality Statement confirming that the submitted work is original and has not been previously published elsewhere. This statement must be signed by at least one author, who confirms they have obtained the consent of all co-authors, if applicable.

Publication Decisions and Editorial Responsibility

Journal editors do not make independent decisions regarding the publication of articles. All publication decisions are guided by the policies established by the journal's Editorial Board and are constrained by applicable legal requirements pertaining to defamation, copyright infringement, duplicate publication, and plagiarism. Once an article is published, it will remain extant, accurate, and unaltered to the greatest extent possible. However, exceptional circumstances may arise that necessitate the retraction or even removal of a published article. Such actions will only be undertaken in cases of significant ethical misconduct, major errors that invalidate the findings, or legal necessity.

Article Retraction Policy

The retraction of published articles may be initiated by journal editors, the author(s), and/or their affiliated institutions. In certain instances, a retraction should be accompanied by a formal apology addressing the errors and/or an expression of gratitude to those who identified the issue. Any retraction of a published scientific article must include a clear statement that the original article should no longer be considered part of the scholarly record and that its data and conclusions should not be used as a basis for future research. A retraction notice will be prominently published, clearly identifying the retracted article and the reasons for its retraction.