Tinjauan Linguistik atas Istifhām dan Tasybīh sebagai Strategi Retoris dalam Al-Qur’an
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0501/d7cfbw38Keywords:
al-quran, Balaghah, Istifham, Tasybih, gaya bahasa, retorika quraniAbstract
Al-Qur’an sebagai kitab suci umat Islam tidak hanya memuat petunjuk kehidupan, tetapi juga menyimpan kekayaan gaya bahasa yang tinggi. Dua di antara perangkat balāghah yang banyak ditemukan dalam al-Qur’an adalah istifhām (interogasi) dan tasybīh (perumpamaan). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan istifhām dan tasybīh dalam al-Qur’an dari sudut pandang ilmu balāghah, serta menyingkap keindahan makna dan efek retoris yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode analisis isi terhadap ayat-ayat yang mengandung istifhām dan tasybīh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa istifhām dalam al-Qur’an tidak selalu bermakna pertanyaan, tetapi seringkali digunakan untuk pengingkaran, penegasan, pengajaran, dan pengalihan perhatian, sesuai konteks ayat. Sementara tasybīh digunakan untuk mengkonkretkan makna abstrak, memperkuat pesan moral, dan membentuk imajinasi estetis yang kuat dalam benak pembaca. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pemahaman mendalam terhadap perangkat balāghah seperti istifhām dan tasybīh sangat penting untuk menangkap makna dan pesan ilahi yang lebih utuh dalam al-Qur’an.
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