Post-Arab Spring Tunisia: Socio-Political Dynamics and Institutional Reform in a Post-Revolution Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0501/senarai.2025.1.4.185-203Keywords:
Tunisian Modernization, Secularization, Transformation, Legal Politics, ConstitutionsAbstract
This article explores Tunisia’s transformation a decade after the Arab Spring in the social, political, legal, and educational fields. The methods used include qualitative descriptive analysis and social history. Data was collected through heuristic methods, utilizing online sources about Tunisia, such as scientific articles, journalistic reports, dissertations, and reports from international institutions. This article demonstrates that the transformation in Tunisia’s socio-political, legal, and educational sectors is not only dynamic, reflecting the principles of a modern and democratic state, but also indicates a tendency to strengthen the stability of both the government and the state. Tunisia implemented new constitutional reforms in 2022 and transformed the education sector by improving both the quality and infrastructure of education. Based on these find- ings, the article concludes that a country’s transformation, including that of Tunisia, is determined by the dynamics of its socio-cultural, political, legal, and educational structures.
Downloads
References
Abderrahmane, A. (2021). “Ten years after the Arab Spring – what happened to the dream?” In: Institute for Security Studies. Accessed: July 28, 2021. URL: https://issafrica.org/pscreport/psc- insights/ten- years- after- the-arab-spring-what-happened-to-the-dream.
Abouaoun, E., T. M. Hill, and L. Siebert (2022). “Tunisia’s new constitution expands presidential power. What’s next for its democracy?” In: The United States Insti- tute of Peace. Accessed: July 28, 2022. URL: https : / / www . usip . org / publications/2022/07/tunisias- new- constitution- expands- presidential-power-whats-next-its-democracy.
Ahdiat, Atman (July 2022). Through the new constitution, the President of Tunisia seeks to expand his powers. Accessed: [Insert Date Accessed]. URL: https : / / www . antaranews. com/ berita/ 2971257 / melalui- konstitusi- baru- presiden-tunisia-upayakan-perluasan-kekuasaan.
Alkholid, A. M. (2021). “The Role of Tunisian Women in Post-Arab Spring Politics Through the Study of State Feminism”. In: Journal of CMES 5.2, p. 210.
Arbi, C. and M. Geri (Jan. 2021). Gridlock and economic stagnation are test- ing the Arab world’s only functioning democracy. URL: https : / / www . washingtoninstitute. org/ policy- analysis/ after- sparking- arab-spring-tunisia-still-success-story.
Bouguerra, F. and S. Aboulkacem (2016). “Vulnerability of the tunisian education system: A pendulum swing between reality and hope”. In: Education and the Arab Spring: Resistance, Reform, and Democracy. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978- 94- 6300- 471-8.
Boussen, Zied and Malek Lakhal (Aug. 2022). Tunisia in the Wake of the Referendum: A New Divisive Constitution. URL: https : / / www . arab - reform . net / publication / tunisia - in - the - wake - of - the - referendum - a - new-divisive-constitution/.
Burdah, I. (2017). “Morocco protest movements in the post-constitutional reform”. In: Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 7.2, pp. 201–219. DOI: 10.18326/ ijims.v7i2.201-219.
Editor, Encyclopædia Britannica (2024). Arab Spring. Accessed: [Insert Date Accessed]. URL: https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Spring.
Francesco De Fazio, B. (May 2023). The silent downfall of Tunisian democracy: what happened after the Arab Spring?
Geo, Nations (Dec. 2024). Tunisia Population.
al-Ghanusi, Rashid (n.d.). Analysis of the Elements Forming the Islamic Phenomenon in Tunisia.
Gobe, E. and L. Chouikha (2015). “La Tunisie de la Constitution aux e´lections : La fin de la transition politique ?” In: L’Anne´e du Maghreb 13. DOI: 10 . 4000 / anneemaghreb.2602.
Hasemi, A., M. N. Hasan, et al. (2021). “Changes in the Political Strategy of the Ennahda Party in Tunisia in 2016”. In: E-SOSPOL 8.2.
Jules, T. D. and T. Barton (2018). “Educational Transitions in Post-Revolutionary Spaces: Islam, Security, and Social Movements in Tunisia”. In: Educational Transitions in Post-Revolutionary Spaces: Islam, Security, and Social Movements in Tunisia. DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2019.1602964.
Khoiri, M. and N. Anwar (2022). “ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY IN TUNISIA”. In: Batuthah: Journal of the History of Padaban Islam 1.2. DOI: 10 . 38073 / batuthah.v1i2.1056.
Lotan, G. et al. (2011). “The Arab Spring— The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions”. In: International Journal of Communication. Vol. 5.
Maryam, M. and I. Warsah (2022). “Assessment of Attitude Competencies in History Learning: A Literature Review”. In: Indonesian Journal of Social Science Education (IJSSE) 4.1. DOI: 10.29300/ijsse.v4i1.7061.
Mokhtari, Abdelmadjid (2017). “Perceptions of Tunisian Educators of the effects of the Arab Spring on Tunisia’s Educational Policies and Reforms Related to Corruption, Job Preparation, and English Language: A Mixed Methods Study”. Doctor of Education. University of Louisiana.
Muhajir, M. (2021). “TUNISIAN ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW REFORM POST-ARAB
SPRING: Between Liberalism and Conservatism”. In: Al-Ahwal: Journal of Islamic Family Law 14.1. DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2021.14103.
Nurali, R. A. (2021). “Development of Democracy in Tunisia”. In: PANRITA: Journal of Science, Technology, and Arts 1.1, p. 8.
PPI, Directorate General of (2022). Tunisia.
Rahman (2019). “THE TENSION OF SECTARIANISM AND DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGES IN THE MIDDLE EAST AFTER THE ARAB SPRING”. In: DIALECTICS 12.2. DOI: 10.33477/dj.v12i2.1116.
Rahman, S. (2019). “Tensions of The Tension of Sectarianism and the Challenges of Democracy in the Middle East After Arab Spring”. In: ICMES Journal 3.1. DOI: 10. 35748/jurnalicmes.v3i1.32.
Rahmanda, D. A. (2022). “THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE DEMOCRATIZA- TION OF TUNISIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EGYPTIAN STATE (CASE ANALYSIS OF THE 2010-2011 REVOLUTION)”. In: Journal Information 10.
Ramadhani, T. R. and I. Anshori (2022). “Declining Muslim Religious Levels in the Middle East and North Africa Region”. In: Journal of Islamic Civilization 4.2. DOI: 10.33086/jic.v4i2.3745.
Ranuwijaya, U. (2016). “Reform of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia and Tunisia (Study on the Implementation of Provisions)”. In: Scientifica Islamica: Journal of Islamic Studies 3.1, p. 65.
Rizqa, H. (Feb. 2020). Islamic journey in Tunisia. URL: https : / / khazanah . republika . co . id / berita / q563fj430 / perjalanan - islam - di - tunisia.
Robbani, D. (2022). “The Effect of FDI and Corruption to Human Development in OIC Countries”. In: Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review 15.1. DOI: 10.30993/ tifbr.v15i1.265. URL: https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v15i1. 265.
Romli, H. (2023). “Jasmine Flower Symbol: Revolution and Change in Tunisia”. In: Tamaddun Journal: Journal of Islamic History and Culture 11.2. DOI: 10.24235/ tamaddun . v11i2 . 15090. URL: https : / / doi . org / 10 . 24235 / tamaddun.v11i2.15090.
SAIDIN, M. I. S. and N. A. ALFITRI (2020). “State feminism and the women’s struggles in Tunisia in the post Arab Spring 2011”. In: International Journal of Islamic Thought 18.
Sehabudin, A. (2015). The Role of Social Networks in the Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia 2010-2011. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta.
Shiddieqy, Ahmad Ash, Padlan Padil Simamora, and Dinda Difia Madina (2024). “Con- temporary Islamic Politics in Tunisia: The Journey of Islamic Democracy Post-Arab Spring”. In: MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3.1. URL: https://doi.org/ 10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8976.
Susila Wati, E. and I. Burdah (2023). “Culture, Society and Press Freedom in Tunisia”. In: Indonesian Multidisciplinary Journal 2.3. DOI: 10.58344/jmi.v2i3.183. URL: https://doi.org/10.58344/jmi.v2i3.183.
Totten, M. J. (Feb. 2012). “Arab Spring or Islamist Winter?” In: World Affairs 175. Umam, C. (2020). Civil Society and the Democratic Transition: A Study of the Labor
Movement in Regime Change in Tunisia (2011-2014). Syarif Hidayatullah State Is- lamic University Jakarta, 1113112000066.
Veryna, D., N. Simatupang, and A. Sandhiyudha (2018). Analysis of Key Factors in the Consolidation of Democracy in Tunisia Post-Arab Spring (2011-2014). Budi Luhur University.
Yerkes, S. and N. Mbarek (Jan. 2021). After Ten Years of Progress, How Far Has Tunisia Really Come?
Zada, K. (2016). “A Wave of Revolution and Political Transition in the Middle East and North Africa”. In: SALAM: Journal of Social and Cultural Syar-i 2.1. DOI: 10. 15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2242. URL: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs. v2i1.2242.
Zemni, S. (2014). “The Roots of the Tunisian Revolution: Elements of a Political So- ciology”. In: Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization. DOI: 10.4324/9781315763026-23. URL: https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9781315763026-23.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Islamic Heritage and Civilization
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with Senarai: Journal of Islamic Heritage and Civilization Issues agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a The Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
