Artificial Intelligence Usage Policy

The Senarai adopts a rigorous, ethics-based policy on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), aligned with COPE guidance and international scholarly publishing standards. The journal affirms that AI tools are not recognized as authorship under any circumstances. All scholarly work must remain fundamentally the product of human intellectual effort, scholarly reasoning, and accountable authorship. The use, involvement, assistance, or integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning systems, generative models, or any automated computational tools must be understood within a framework of strict limitation, full transparency, and author accountability. Any use of AI must be explicitly, fully, and transparently disclosed by the author(s) at the time of submission. For the purposes of this policy, “Artificial Intelligence” is defined broadly and inclusively to cover all current and emerging systems capable of generating, modifying, analyzing, or assisting in the production of intellectual or scholarly content, whether partially or fully automated, and regardless of whether such use is detectable, disclosed, or embedded within external platforms.

The journal maintains a strong presumption in favor of entirely human-authored scholarship. However, in accordance with COPE recommendations, limited and non-substantive use of AI tools may be permitted under strictly controlled conditions. Such permitted uses are restricted to technical assistance that does not affect the intellectual substance of the work, including but not limited to grammar correction, language refinement, or formatting support. The following uses remain strictly prohibited: automated or assisted text generation for scholarly content, paraphrasing or rewriting that alters authorship, literature synthesis, conceptual development, hypothesis generation, data analysis, statistical processing, interpretation, citation generation, reference management, figure or image production, or any form of computational augmentation that contributes to the intellectual or scientific content of the manuscript.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, originality, and validity of the work, including but not limited to manuscript drafting, writing, editing, translation, data processing, analysis, peer review responses, and publication. The use of AI in any undisclosed, misleading, or excessive manner—whether direct, indirect, partial, assistive, or embedded—constitutes a material breach of publication ethics and may be treated as academic misconduct. The burden of proof rests entirely with the author(s) to demonstrate compliance with this policy, including the extent, purpose, and limitation of AI use. Upon request, authors must provide verifiable evidence, including but not limited to raw drafts, research notes, data provenance, revision histories, disclosure statements, or other supporting documentation sufficient to establish the authenticity, independence, and human origin of the work. Failure to provide such evidence shall be interpreted as non-compliance.

The Senarai reserves the full right to employ reasonable detection and verification mechanisms, including but not limited to algorithmic screening, forensic linguistic analysis, metadata examination, authorship pattern analysis, and editorial investigation. These procedures may be applied pre-publication or post-publication without prior notice. Confirmed or suspected violations will be handled in accordance with COPE guidelines and may result in appropriate corrective actions, including but not limited to: rejection of the manuscript, withdrawal during review, post-publication retraction, issuance of formal notices (correction, expression of concern, or retraction), notification to affiliated institutions or funding bodies, prohibition from future submissions, and, where applicable, legal or institutional escalation. This policy is binding, non-negotiable, and applies equally to all stakeholders involved in the publication process.

Stakeholder	Policy Statement
Authors	Authors are subject to strict limitations regarding the use of AI tools. AI may only be used for minor, non-substantive technical assistance (e.g., grammar correction or formatting), and such use must be fully disclosed in the manuscript. The use of AI for generating scholarly text, arguments, analysis, interpretation, or intellectual contributions is strictly prohibited. All manuscripts must remain fundamentally human-authored, and authors bear full legal, ethical, and scholarly responsibility for the authenticity, originality, and integrity of the work. Authors must be able to provide verifiable proof of compliance and disclosure upon request. Any detected, suspected, or undisclosed misuse of AI constitutes a serious ethical violation and may result in rejection, retraction, and institutional notification.
Reviewers	Reviewers are strictly prohibited from uploading or exposing manuscripts, review reports, confidential data, or editorial communications to any AI system. The use of AI for generating review content, assisting evaluation, or processing confidential material is not permitted. Peer-review must be conducted exclusively through independent human judgment, maintaining strict confidentiality, intellectual responsibility, and ethical integrity. Any breach involving AI systems constitutes a serious violation and may result in removal from the reviewer pool and further action.
Editors	Editors are responsible for enforcing this policy and ensuring full compliance. Editors must not use AI tools for editorial decision-making, manuscript evaluation, or handling unpublished confidential materials. Limited use of AI for administrative or technical support may be permitted only where confidentiality, integrity, and editorial independence are strictly preserved. Editors must initiate investigations when necessary, request documentation, and apply sanctions where violations are identified. Any misuse of AI within editorial processes constitutes a breach of professional and ethical obligations.

Policy Enforcement
The Senarai reserves the right to investigate suspected AI usage through editorial assessment or other reasonable means. Violations of this policy may result in rejection, retraction, notification of affiliated institutions, or other corrective actions in accordance with publication ethics.