Author Contributions (CRediT)

Required format

Author Contributions (CRediT): [Author 1 full name]: [role], [role]; [Author 2 full name]: [role], [role]; [Author 3 full name]: [role], [role]. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for their respective contributions.

Completed statement

Author Contributions (CRediT): Nur Hidayah: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft; Ahmad Fauzi: Resources, Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing; Siti Maryam: Formal analysis, Visualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for their respective contributions.

How to complete the statement

Write each author’s full name exactly as entered in the submission metadata.
Place the applicable CRediT roles after the author’s name and separate authors with semicolons.
One author may have several roles, and one role may be shared by several authors.
Include only work that was actually performed. All authors must review and approve the statement.

Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, academic, editorial, or personal relationship that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation, review, or publication of the manuscript. A declaration is required even when no conflict exists.

No conflict of interest

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no financial, professional, institutional, or personal conflict of interest that could have influenced the work reported in this article.

Conflict of interest disclosed

Conflict of Interest: Nur Hidayah received research funding from the Nusantara Heritage Foundation. Ahmad Fauzi has served as an unpaid adviser to the foundation since 2025. These relationships were disclosed to the Editor. Siti Maryam declares no conflict of interest.

Author with an editorial position

Conflict of Interest: Siti Maryam is a member of the Editorial Board of Senarai: Journal of Islamic Heritage and Civilization. She was not involved in reviewer selection, peer review, or the editorial decision for this manuscript. The submission was handled independently by another editor. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Disclose when relevant: grants, employment, consultancy, honoraria, share ownership, patents, institutional duties, editorial roles, close personal relationships, or a direct academic or professional interest in the outcome. Disclosure does not automatically prevent publication; it enables transparent editorial management.

Additional Formats

Single-author manuscript

Author Contributions (CRediT): Fatimah Zahra: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. The author has read and approved the final manuscript and accepts full responsibility for the work.

Equal contribution

Author Contributions (CRediT): Rina Kurnia: Conceptualization (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing – original draft (lead); Yusuf Hakim: Conceptualization (equal), Investigation (equal), Formal analysis (lead), Writing – review & editing. Both authors approved the role assignments and the final manuscript.

The optional qualifiers lead, equal, and supporting may be used when contributors share a role. These qualifiers are implementation aids and are not part of the formal fourteen-role taxonomy.

Non-author assistance

Acknowledgements: The authors thank Arif Nugroho for technical assistance in digitizing archival materials and preparing descriptive metadata. Arif Nugroho reviewed and consented to this acknowledgement.

Technical, administrative, language, or resource assistance that does not satisfy the journal’s authorship requirements should be acknowledged with the contributor’s permission, not converted into authorship.

Funding disclosure

Funding: This research was supported by the Nusantara Heritage Research Fund under Grant NHRF-2026-014. The funder had no role in the research design, analysis, interpretation, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit.

Funding must be reported separately. Assign Funding acquisition only to the person who actually obtained the financial support; funding alone does not establish authorship.

CRediT Role Reference

Use only the roles that describe the actual work. CRediT records contributions but does not independently determine authorship or author order.

Role	Contribution Covered
Conceptualization	Formulating the main research idea, question, goals, or theoretical direction.
Data curation	Organizing, cleaning, annotating, cataloguing, preserving, or maintaining data or research materials.
Formal analysis	Applying statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal analytical techniques.
Funding acquisition	Obtaining the financial support that enabled the research.
Investigation	Conducting archival work, interviews, observation, fieldwork, experiments, or evidence collection.
Methodology	Developing the study design, research method, model, or analytical framework.
Project administration	Coordinating schedules, permissions, documentation, budgets, or research activities.
Resources	Providing source collections, materials, instruments, access, facilities, or computing resources.
Software	Developing, implementing, testing, or maintaining software, code, algorithms, or digital tools.
Supervision	Providing scholarly oversight, leadership, or mentorship during the research.
Validation	Verifying sources, facts, calculations, coding, translations, results, or reproducibility.
Visualization	Creating figures, maps, charts, diagrams, timelines, or other visual presentations.
Writing – original draft	Preparing the first manuscript or substantial initial sections, including substantive translation.
Writing – review & editing	Critically reviewing, revising, commenting on, or improving the manuscript’s intellectual content.

Important Notes

CRediT describes contributions; it does not automatically qualify a person for authorship.
Honorary, gift, guest, purchased, coercive, and ghost authorship are prohibited.
Generative AI and AI-assisted tools cannot be named as authors, contributors, or holders of CRediT roles. Human authors remain fully responsible for the content.
A request to add, remove, or reorder authors must explain the reason and include written agreement from all affected authors. The journal may pause processing while the request is reviewed.
Unresolved authorship disputes may be referred to the authors’ institution or research-integrity office in accordance with COPE guidance.

Complete Submission Block

Author Contributions (CRediT): [Full name]: [role], [role]; [Full name]: [role], [role]. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for their respective contributions.

Conflict of Interest: [Declare that no conflict exists, or identify each relevant relationship and the author concerned.]

Funding: [Name the funder and grant number, or state: “This research received no external funding.”]

Acknowledgements: [Name non-author contributors and their assistance with permission, or state: “Not applicable.”]